郑齐斗对阳明心学的独特诠释

Analysis of Zheng Qidou's Interpretation on Doctrine of Wang Yangming

朝鲜阳明学的代表学者郑齐斗(号霞谷,1649~1736年)从心学的视角来把握儒学的发展,倾慕陆王心学。郑齐斗的《大学说》包含的经学观以及其他方面的哲学思想都体现了遵循陆王说的性质,如格物说、心即理说、良知说、知行合一说等。郑齐斗在对程朱观点进行激烈批判和攻驳的过程中,体现出不少自己独特的思想。他认为程朱的物理是'死理',并由此提出自己的'生理'思想,体现出超越王守仁思想的优点。郑齐斗在讲生理时,同时也提到生气,主张理和气分别是'生之体'和'生之质',十分重视'生'的特性。郑齐斗虽然肯定知行合一说,但与王守仁相比,并没有十分强调或极力主张。因为如果没有去除气质欲求的努力,仅仅依靠良知和良能有可能造成'任情纵欲'。郑齐斗在接受王守仁思想的影响同时,也形成了自己独特的学问特征,成为朝鲜阳明学的集大成者。

Zheng Qidou,as the main representative of making research on Doctrine of Wang Yangming,captures the development of Confucianism from the perspective of Psychology and admires Lu Jiuyuan and Wang Yangming's doctrine,which influences Zheng Qidou's idea about Confucian classics and other philosophical ideas such as ' learning by doing' and can be embodied by his work Daxueshuo. Meanwhile,Zheng Qidou intensely criticizes Cheng and Zhu's ideas because he thinks that Cheng and Zhu's idea are no vitality while his own idea has endless source of thinking; therefore,in the process of critics,Zheng has formed many his own original ideas. However,compared with Wang Yangming,he sticks to the idea that Li and Qi are different and respectively represent ' body of life' and ' essence of life'. In addition,although he agrees with the idea of ' learning by doing',he focuses more on the characteristic of ' life'. Without the help of Qi,only conscience can lead to the ' following your heart without any limitation'. Therefore,with the influence of Wang Yangming,Zheng Qidou forms his own idea and becomes the expert of doctrine of Wang Yangming.