《传习录》解《孟子》“尽心”三节辩误

Analysis of Correcting Three Sections of "Trying Best" of Mengzi with Chuanxilu

阳明在解《孟子》"尽心"三节时,颠倒顺序,将本来的"庸→贤→圣"之为学次序,倒解为"圣→贤→庸"。其弊在于,误解了第一节上达工夫,遗漏了第二节涵养工夫,低看了第三节践履工夫。究其原因,是阳明反对朱子所解三节义理,却沿袭朱子理路,以"格物致知"来解"尽心知性知天",又因他素以"致良知"来解"格物致知",故以"致良知"来解"尽心知性知天",从而判之为"生知安行"之圣人境,由此只能安排"存心养性事天"为"学知利行"之贤人境,"夭寿不贰,修身以俟"为困学勉行之学者境。

When Wang Yangming interpreted the three sections of ' trying best' of Mengzi,he transposed the original learning order ' Yong,Xian,and Sheng' into the wrong oder ' Sheng,Xian and Yong',which leads to the misunderstanding of sending memorials or proposals directly to the emperor in the first section,missing the self-restraint of second section,and underestimating the effect of practice. The reason is that Wang Yangming is against the Zhu Zi's interpretation on argumentation but he uses Zhu Zi's idea to understand ' trying best to know the truth' with ' study the nature of things' which is realized by ' conscience'. Therefore, ' conscience' is used for interpreting ' trying best to know the truth'. Based on this,Wang Yangming thinks that the situation of ' Sheng' is featured by ' born with knowing doing';the situation of ' Xian' is arranged by ' learning for doing' and the situation of ' Yong' means people should keep the positive attitude and cultivate moral characters.