王船山对王学良知说的批评

Wang Chuanshan's Criticism of the Wang School's Conscience Theory

王学受到来自明末清初诸多思想家不同方面的广泛批评,王船山即是其中著名的代表。王船山对王学的"尊知贱能"说、"舍能而孤言知"说,对王学所言之"良知"是不修而至、不学而知的观点,对王学中的"无善无恶是良知"的说法,对王学以空、虚、寂、无等内在性质来规定良知,对王学近于禅的总体特征等五个方面持严厉的批评态度。总体来讲,王船山对王学良知说的批评有得有失,理性和偏激并存,其中的内在原因包括王船山与王学诸家基于社会背景和历史条件的差别而导致的学术主旨不同、学术立场各异、学术方法有别等等。

The Wang School was widely criticized by thinkers in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty from different aspects,one famous representative of which was Wang Chuanshan. Wang Chuanshan was highly critical of the Wang School's point of view that ' knowing is prior to actual doing', ' knowing can be discussed without talking about doing', ' conscience can be achieved simply by intuitive knowledge without learning and practice' and ' conscience is a state between good and evil'. He also held the critical opinion of the fact that Wang School defined conscience with the properties of KONG,XU,JI and WU,and that Wang School was similar to Zen. Generally speaking,there were both merits and demerits in Wang Chuanshan's criticism of the Conscience Theory of Wang School,and his criticism was both rational and radical. The reason for this is that Wang chuanshan 's academic purport,standpoint and methods differed from Wang School,which resulted from the differences between their social backgrounds and historical conditions.