学术自由的演绎及现代实现

The Evolution and Realization in Modern of Academic Freedom

学术自由作为现代大学经典理念之一,肇始于欧洲中世纪大学,在德国近代大学得到确立,在美国现代大学得以进一步发展,成为现代大学制度的精神旨归。本文追溯了学术自由理念的萌芽、确立和发展,在此基础上,分析了学术自由随着现代大学边界的延伸和权利的扩大导致的困境。在立足于学术自由认识论、政治论、道德论、知识论和经济论的合法性基础上,提出了现代大学学术自由实现的对策和建议。

Academic freedom,as one of the classic idea of modern university,began in medieval universities,but it has been established in modern German university. With its further development in the United States,academic freedom become spiritual principle of modern university system. This paper traces the germination,establishment and development of the concept of academic freedom,and analyzes the dilemma of academic freedom which is caused by the extension of the boundary and the enlargement of the right of modern universities. Based on the understanding of academic freedom,political theory,moral theory,knowledge theory and economic theory,this paper also puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions for the realization of academic freedom in modern universities.