炭弧气刨工尘肺调查与实验研究

INVESTIGATION AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON PNEUMOCONIOSIS INDUCED BY ARC AIR GOUGING DUST

炭弧气刨尘是以Fe_3O_4为主及含少量Mn、Cu和炭的混合尘,含硅量极低。作业环境空气中粉尘浓度平均为728mg/m^3。77名作业工人经胸片检查发现Ⅰ期尘肺4名,Ⅱ期1名,平均发病工龄9.5年。X线形态学改变为浅淡点状阴影,或称“软性结节”。临床症状先于X线表现。自然吸入与气管注入染尘的动物,经病理检查均证实该尘有致纤维化作用。炭刨作业危害属多因素联合作用。因有苯并芘及炭、铁等共存,对该尘致癌作用的研究提供了新线索和新课题。

The arc air gouging dust is a mixture of Fe,Mn,Cu,and C whose main constituent is Fe3O4 with very low Si content. The average concentration of the dust in the air of working environment was 728mg/m3. The chest x-ray examination showed that 4 and 1 of 77 workers exposed to arc air gouging dust appeared to have manifestations of stage I and II pnenmoconiosis respectively.Pneumoconiosis was in those with 9.5 years of exposure in average.The characteristic radiogra-phic abnormalities were very light nodular shadows.The clinical symptoms appeared earlier than the radiographic changes.In animal experiments, where the dust was administered by inhalation and intracheal injection, pathological findings proved that the dust had the potential of causing pulmonary fibrosis.The occupational hazards occurred in the arc air gouging could result from the combination of various factors. Since Bap.C.and Fe existed simultaneously in the dust,more attention should be paid to the occupational cancer in these workers.