颞骨骨折及其并发症的临床研究

CLINICAL STUDY OF TEMPORAL BONE FRACTURE AND ITS COMPLICATIONS

为探讨颞骨骨折及其并发症的特点及救治方法 ,作者对 1989年 1月～ 1999年 11月收治的 48例颞骨骨折临床资料进行了回顾性分析。结果显示 ,48例颞骨骨折患者中交通事故所致的占 66 7% ,存活 43例 (89 6% ) ,死亡 5例 (10 4% ) ;中、内耳或颅脑损伤占77 1% ,听力下降或耳鸣占 48% ;纵行骨折的脑脊液耳漏占 3 6 7% ,面瘫占 3 % ;横行骨折的面瘫占 3 7 5 % ,脑脊液耳漏则占 2 5 %。研究结果表明 ,交通事故伤是造成颞骨骨折的首要高危因素 ,其严重并发症为颅脑损伤 ,合并多脏器伤常是致死性并发症 ;其常见并发症为听力下降或耳鸣等中、内耳损伤 ;纵行骨折以脑脊液耳漏多见 。

To explore the characteristics and treatment of temporal bone fractures and its complications, clinical data of 48 cases of temporal bone fracture admitted to our hospital from January 1989 to November 1999 were retrospectively analyzed. The results showed that in these 48 patients temporal bone fracture caused by traffic accidents accounted for 66 67%. Forty three cases survived (89 58%) and 5 died (10 41%). Middle inner ear or craniocerebral injury held 77 08% and hearing loss or tinitus held 48%; The incidences of CSF otorrhea and facioplegia were 36 7% and 3%, respectively for the longitudinal fracture, while for the transversal fracture they were 25% and 37 5%, respectively. Our conclusions are: (1) Traffic injury is the most dangerous factor of temporal bone fracture; (2) The dangerous complication is injury to cranium and brain, or multiple organs, resulting in death; (3) Middle inner ear injury is the commonest complication in temporal bone fracture; (4) CSF otorrhea is common in the longitudinal fracture and facioplegia is common in the transversal fracture.