骨肉瘤干细胞的研究进展

Research advances of stem cells in osteosarcoma

骨肉瘤(osteosarcoma,OS)是儿童和青少年中最常见的骨肿瘤类型,也是该人群癌症相关死亡的第二大原因。大多数OS起源于长骨,如股骨远端和胫骨近端。它具有高度侵袭性,转移率约为20%,最常转移至肺或其它部位的骨骼。OS的起源尚不清楚,大多学者认为其起源于未分化的间充质干细胞(MSC)或更定向的骨祖细胞[1]。

Osteosarcoma(OS)is one of the most common types of bone tumors,especially in children and young adults.The main treatment for OS is the combination of surgery and chemotherapy,the patient’s prognosis is still poor due to its chemoresistance and early metastasis though.Cancer stem cells(CSCs)are a subset of tumor cells involved in key steps in cancer progression,including tumor proliferation,drug resistance,recurrence,and metastasis.Previous reports have shown that there are also subpopulations of CSCs in OS,which play an important role in tumor recurrence,metastasis and chemoresistance through self-renewal and differentiation.Targeted therapy on these cells can provide a new strategy.This review summarizes the current knowledge of this rare phenotype and the progress in the treatment of OS targeting osteosarcoma tumor stem cells(OSCs)in order to further improve the treatment effects.