中央财政转移支付缩小民族地区与沿海地区收入差距研究

A Study on Reducing the Income Gap between Ethnic Minority Areas and Coastal Areas by Central Financial Transfer Payment

针对分税制改革以来中央财政转移支付对民族地区与东部沿海地区收入差距的作用进行分析。利用泰尔指数测算民族地区与沿海地区收入差距,通过面板数据考察转移支付对两地人均收入的影响,并根据似不相关回归检验影响程度差异。研究发现:民族地区与沿海地区收入差距在2004年后呈逐年扩大趋势;转移支付对两地区人均收入增长都有显著促进作用,对民族地区人均收入的拉动程度显著低于沿海地区,一单位转移支付为民族地区带来的收入增量不足沿海地区增量的四分之一。因此,要切实缩小民族地区与沿海地区收入差距,应调整转移支付资金结构,提高均衡性转移支付比重,并改变现行税收返还的分配方式。

This paper analyzed impact of transfer payments from central government on income gap between ethnic minority and eastern coastal areas since the tax allocation reform.Theil index was applied to measure income gap between two areas.After examining influence of transfer payments on per capita income using panel data,it evaluated influencing difference by the seemingly uncorrelated regression.Research finds that income gap has been expanding after 2004;transfer payments significantly promote per capita income growth in both areas,but one unit effect to ethnic minority area is less than to coastal area.In order to effectively reduce income gap between ethnic and coastal areas,government should adjust transfer payments structure,increase proportion of balanced transfer payments,and change current distribution form of tax return.