少数民族农村地区离婚现状与思考

The Present Situation and Reflection of Divorce in Minority Rural Areas

近年来,我国各少数民族农村地区婚姻家庭关系出现了很多新情况、新问题,离婚案件逐年上升,已经严重影响各少数民族农村地区婚姻家庭的和谐稳定以及乡村振兴与社会发展。正视与研究各少数民族农村地区离婚案件的特点、原因与存在的问题,寻找出维护少数民族农村地区婚姻家庭稳定的对策已成当务之急。民族地区农村离婚的原因主要包括传统的婚姻观念受到冲击,家庭暴力,经济与社会地位的变化,长期分居,结婚时支付高额彩礼,草率结婚,双方家庭干涉等。在离婚方面面临的问题主要包括登记离婚的负面影响大,诉讼中当事人举证困难,离婚法定标准适用值得商榷,子女抚养和教育问题多,少数民族夫妻财产分割问题多,少数民族妇女的财产权益保障不力等。解决少数民族农村地区离婚问题的主要建议包括增设登记离婚'审查期'制度,适当增设登记离婚条件,适当降低诉讼离婚当事人的举证责任,正确适用和掌握离婚的法定标准,依法追究过错方的法律责任,充分利用各种调解机制,依法解决好子女抚养问题等。

In recent years,many new situations and problems have emerged in marriage and family relations in rural areas of China’s ethnic minorities,and divorce cases are increasing year by year,which have seriously affected the harmony and stability of marriage and family in rural areas of ethnic minorities,as well as the rural revitalization and social development.It has become an urgent task to envisage and study the characteristics,causes and existing problems of divorce cases in rural areas of ethnic minorities,and to find out countermeasures to maintain the stability of marriage and family in rural areas of ethnic minorities.The reasons for divorce in ethnic rural areas mainly include the impact of traditional marriage concepts,domestic violence,changes in economic and social status,long-term separation,high bride price paid when getting married,hasty marriage,and family interference of both sides.The main problems in divorce include the negative impact of divorce registration,the difficulty in providing evidence,the application of legal standards for divorce,the problems of children raising and education,marital property division among ethnic minorities,and the insufficient protection of the property rights and interests of ethnic minority women.The main suggestions to solve the problem of minority rural divorce include additional registration system of divorce'review period',adding appropriate registration divorce conditions,appropriately reduce the burden of proof for the parties in a divorce proceeding,correctly apply and master the legal standard of divorce,investigate the legal responsibility of the party in fault,make full use of various mediation mechanisms,and solve the problem of child supportaccording to law,etc.