超越民族关系的身份复合性——基于高村“彝回”历史的人类学研究

Identity Complexities Beyond Minzu Relations: Anthropology Study Based on the History of “Yi-Hui” People in Gao Village

人类学关于回族特殊性族群的研究经历了从过去关注其'特殊'到当下关注其的转变,近些年来常常被表述为是一种'边缘回族'。然而,现代民族并非是不存在历史逻辑的,反之会忽略掉在民族识别之前所经历过的重要文化遭遇。文章借用'文化复合性'的概念,对高村回族的'彝回'历史进行解读,认为在特定的历史时期,'彝回'族群的复合性身份是彝族文化与回族文化相互达成的重叠共识,而当下所呈现出来的现代身份是从20世纪90年代开始经历的'回族化'与'全球化'的结果而已。这种'文化复合性'的方法,即既承认彝族与回族的民族边界又能在两者中实现超越的视角,将有利于我们更为真实地回答出回族特殊性族群关于'我们是谁'的问题。

Anthropology studies on the special ethnic groups of the Hui people have undergone a transition from paying attention to their'special'to'Hui'in the present.In the past two decades,they have often been described as a'marginal Hui'.However,in the practice of ethnic identity,modern minzu do not have historical logic,on the contrary,they will neglect the important cultural encounters that they experienced before minzu identity.This paper borrows the concept of'cultural complexities'to interpret the'Yi-Hui'history of the Hui people in Gao villages.It holds that the complex identity of the'Yi-Hui'ethnic group is the overlapping consensus reached between the Yi culture and the Hui culture in the specific historical period of the'blending era'.The modern Hui identity they present today is the result of the interaction of'Hui Nationalization'and'Globalization'that they experienced since the 1990 s,so they can be interpreted as the modern Hui in the general impression.'cultural complexities',that is to say,we can not only recognize the minzu boundary of Yi and Hui but also beyond them.Thus,we will find that'Yi-Hui'is a real ethnic entity in history,which will help us more truly answer the question of'who are we'faced by the special ethnic groups of the Hui people.