黔东南苗族流动银匠的生存方式及其变迁

The Survival Mode and Change of the Miao Flowing Silversmiths in Qiandongnan

黔东南苗族有着浓厚的饰银习俗。银饰是区分不同地区的苗族以及支系的重要视觉标志,苗族浓厚的饰银习俗也孕育了大批的能工巧匠。不同的社会动机、社会环境促使银匠的生存方式因时因地产生变化。传统社会有'流动银匠'和'坐家银匠'之分。随着社会的发展,银匠的流动性逐渐增强。从以农作为节点的传统生计模式到以节庆为节点的现代流动模式,再到'旅游+文化'背景下的回流模式,黔东南苗族银匠的生存方式由'半工半农'变迁为城镇化的商业方式和创新发展方式,不同的生计方式也势必会对银饰本体产生影响。

The Miao Nationality in Qiandongnan have a strong custom of using silver decorations which are important visual symbols to distinguish one branch from other counterparts of the people in different regions.And this strong custom has also generated a large number of skilled craftsmen.Different social motives and social environments have prompted the silversmith to change their means of livelihood accordingly.There are'migratory silversmith'and'settled silversmith'in traditional society.The mobility of the silversmith has gradually increased over the society development.Thus their livelihood has changed from traditional pattern of agricultural time node to modern flowing pattern of festal time node,then to return pattern under the background of'Tourism+Culture',and their means of survival has changed from the mode of semi-craftsman&semi-farmer to the mode of urbanized business and innovative development.Various means of livelihood will inevitably have an impact on the cultural noumenon of silver ornaments.