从语言组块研究谈语言定式教学法

A Study on Teaching in Chunks from the Perspective of Formulaic Sequence

本文提出:人类语言中的预制语言组块(formulaic sequence)是一种有规律可循、符合大脑认知处理过程、反映语义与语法匹配关系的语言单位(Wray,2000)。语块经过专业教学人员的再加工,可以用来作为语言教学的基本单位、语言教学重点,也可成为语言课堂的教学呈现形式。为此,本文提出一种以语块为基础的教学方法,即定式教学法。讨论重点集中在与语块/定式教学相关的三个问题上:(1)目前对语块的二语理论研究及实证研究对汉语定式教学有哪些启示?(2)如何界定为教学服务的汉语语言定式?(3)如何设定汉语语言定式选择标准并在国际汉语课堂中进行科学、系统、有效地呈现?

This article claims that formulaic sequences in human languages are rule-governed linguistic units. These units reflect human cognitive processing and a mapping process between the language form and the meaning. Researchers have demonstrated that after careful pre-selection and some reconstruction by experienced second language teaching professionals, these sequences can be used as basic units and key points of second language instruction and be practiced as linguistic forms for communicative tasks in different contexts. The author of this article thus proposes a unique teaching approach called teaching in chunks. Three questions concerning formulaic sequences/chunks will be discussed on the proposed instructional approach:(1) What are the pedagogical implications of the second language theoretical and empirical research on formulaic sequences to CFL teaching?(2) How to define teaching-oriented formulaic sequences for CFL classroom teaching? and(3) How to set up selection criteria and how to present them in a scientific, systematic and effective way in CFL classroom teaching?