一种高效的汉语学习方法(英文)

The Power of Pattern Stories for Chinese Literacy

模式故事是指在重复的基础上带有一定变化的故事。这类故事通常包含不断重复的核心短语或句型,读者可以据此猜测接下来发生的事情。模式故事的韵律也有助于学习者将故事内容转变为长期记忆。模式故事有很多不同的种类,如顺序逻辑类、问答类、单词或短语重复类、押韵类、混合类等,但所有的模式故事都有一个共性,即故事中至少有一个要素会重复出现。市面上可以买到很多正式出版的、带有精致插图的模式故事,教师也可以根据教学目标和教学内容自编模式故事。有些模式故事的重复要素不止一个。模式故事常常带有一对一的、与故事内容相匹配的辅助图片,学习者可以借此很自然地理解故事中的语言和概念。因为模式故事为学习者提供了语境和许多重复练习的机会,所以可以有力地帮助学习者理解和记忆汉字。当学习者在大声朗读、讲述或阅读模式故事时,他们可以积极主动地参与到解读和理解故事意义的过程中来。模式故事可以促进学习者建构语言形式和语言意义之间的联系,帮助他们把新近习得的口头语言和识字能力转变成长期记忆,而这正是语言学习的关键所在。所有类型的模式故事都有助于帮助学习者提高其文化素养,而教师自编的模式故事在教学中则更有针对性,他们可以将阅读模式故事的实践与所教单元的语言和文化教学目标更好地结合起来。根据学习者年龄和语言水平精心挑选的中文模式故事可以帮助教师将语言和文化融入到他们的教学实践中。

Pattern stories are stories in which elements are repeated with some variation. Pattern stories often have repeating core phrases or patterns which make it possible to predict what comes next. The rhythm or rhyme of pattern stories also helps move the language into a long-term memory. There are many different types of pattern stories but what they have in common is that at least one element is repeated. Pattern stories are available commercially but can also be teacher-created. Some pattern stories have more than one repeating element. Pattern stories are often accompanied with supportive pictures that very often connect with the text in a one-to-one correspondence and provide automatic support to help learners understand both the language and the concepts. Pattern stories are a powerful tool in helping students gain access to Chinese characters because they provide the context and repetition needed to help students remember the characters. When saying aloud, telling or reading pattern stories, learners are actively engaged in the meaning-making process. Pattern stories facilitate and quicken the process for learners to make a form-meaning connection which is crucial in language learning and help transfer their newly-acquired oral language and character recognition skills into a longterm memory. While all types of pattern stories are useful in helping learners develop literacy skills, teachercreated pattern stories have the additional benefit of making the practice of reading those stories more aligned with the linguistic and cultural learning objectives. The thoughtfully-selected, ageand-proficiency-level-appropriate, existing Chinese pattern stories can help teachers implement the important parts of the World Readiness Standards for 21 st Century Language Learning by integrating language and culture into their instructional practice.