超高产杂交稻产量性状研究

A Study on the Yielding Traits of Super High-Yielding Hybrid Rice

为了给水稻超高产育种和栽培提供理论依据 ,以 15个具有超高产 (单产超过汕优 63 )潜力的两系杂交稻组合和对照汕优 63为试验材料 ,研究了超高产杂交稻产量构成因素、经济产量 (单株粒重 )、生物产量和经济系数等性状的相互关系 .结果表明 :1)比对照增产极显著的组合在生物产量和经济系数两方面均具有较大优势 ,个别组合在生物产量不变的情况下 ,依赖经济系数的提高也可比对照显著增产 ;2 )超高产杂交稻产量的增加不是依赖单位面积上穗数的增加 ,而是必须在一定穗数的基础上大幅度增加每穗粒数以扩大库容 ,并保证源的有效供给以提高籽粒充实系数 ;3 )每穗实粒数分别与经济系数、生物产量和单株粒重呈极显著或显著正相关 ,每穗实粒数。

With a high yielding hybrid rice Shanyou63 as check,15 combinations with super high yielding potential are chosen to study the relationships between yielding traits.The results show that:1)The combinations with a very significant increase in grain weight per plant(GWP) over the check have greater advantages in biomass(BM) and harvest index(HI).2)Based on a certain number of panicles per unit area as well as enough source,super high yielding results from the increase of spikelets per panicle and the improvement of grain filling.3)Filled grains per panicle(FGP) is positively correlated with biomass,HI and GWP respectively.Such a coordinative increase in FGP,biomass and HI is the target that super high yielding breeding is meant to attain.