论以粮换林换草与河西地区的可持续发展——以武威地区为例

STUDY ON EXCHANGING TREE AND GRASS WITH GRAIN AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN HEXI REGION--TAKING WUWEI PREFECTURE AS A CASE

分析了武威地区可持续发展面临的主要生态环境问题,讨论了生态恢复与重建面临的困境,论证了以粮换林换草对促进区域可持续发展的必要性和有效性,指出了以粮换林换草中应进一步研究的问题,提出生态重建要坚持多措施并举。

Shiyanghe,an inland river,located in eastern Hexi region of Gansu province. Wuwei prefecture mainly consists of Shiyanghe valley. The water from Qilianshan, which is upper reach of Shiyuanhe valley, bred glorious Wuwei oasis culture. However, for reasons of poverty, motivation og high economic benefit and weak management, the water-bearing forest and soil-preserving forest in Qilianshan were destroyed heavily in the past. Some turned into cultivated land which others became bald. The water-bearing function of forest decayed and sand content of rivers increased. Meanwhile with increase in irrigation area of upper and middle reaches, the water flowing to lower reach becomes less, which causes large-scale utilization of underground water. A great deal of sand vegetation died for less and less ground water water and deeper underground water. Desertification and salinzation truble the lower reach. The ecological rebuilding is confined by poverty, low economic benefits of peaseants and population pressure, ect. In this case, the method providing grain and subsidy by national government for peasants to replant tree and grass in slope land is necessary for Wuwei prefecture to rebuild ecological environment and promote sustainable development. Such things as peasants' willingness, relatively economic benefit and methods of organization and management are needed further study. The method of exchanging tree and grass with grain may not resolve all problems. To restore ecological balance and realize sustainable development, efforts of all sides and from all channels are hoped.