北京市1994～2001年外来儿童口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗强化免疫实施效果分析

Evaluation on Efficacy of Supplementary Immunization of Oral Polio Vaccine among Floating Children in Beijing from 1994～2001

北京市 1 994～ 2 0 0 1年对外来儿童开展了 7次口服脊髓灰质炎 (脊灰 )疫苗 (OPV)强化免疫活动 ,历年强化免疫两轮调查接种率均 >97%。常规计划免疫管理中外来儿童建卡人数由 1 996年的 4 7万人上升到 2 0 0 1年的 7 1万人 ,环比增长率为 4 0 8%～ 33 1 1 %。据 1 996/ 1 997～ 2 0 0 0 / 2 0 0 1年度调查 :第 1轮强化免疫前外来儿童平均迁入率为 2 2 77% ,第 2轮为 8 56 %。第 1轮明显高于第 2轮 ,且具有较低的建卡率和较高的零剂次免疫儿童比例 ;不同年龄组零剂次免疫儿童所占比例各年份间无明显变化。外来儿童地区分布不断发生变化 ,城区接种人数增长减缓 ,近郊区、远郊县接种人数呈上升趋势。结果表明 :北京市外来儿童强化免疫活动免疫覆盖率高 ,质量可靠 ;外来儿童正逐步纳入计划免疫管理 ,但摸底调查不彻底 ,方法有待进一步改进 ,日常查漏补种工作存在漏洞 ,随着城市人口构成的不断变化 。

In Beijing there has carried out seven times of supplementary immunization of OPV in floating children since 1994 to 2001 The surveyed vaccination rates of each two rounds were all above 97% The number of floating children who established immunization cards was increasing from forty seven thousands in 1996 to seventy one thousands in 2001,the increasing rate was 4 08%-33 11% In 1996/1997～2000/2001 the number of newly registered children before first round was higher than that in the second round;newly registered children had lower card establishing rate and higher zero dose vaccination rate The number of children at the age of 1-3 years given zero dose vaccine had no obvious difference in each year The distribution area for floating children always changed,the vaccination number of them increased slowly in urban area but a increasing tendency was noticed in suburbs and outer suburb courties The above results indicated that the coverage rate of supplementary immunization of floating children was high and reliable,these children are gradually brought into EPI administration but their real situation is not very clear yet. The survey method should be further improved,there may be loopholes in the daily EPI management,the future work should focus on changes of urban population and strengthen supplementary immunization of polio vaccine in key areas