恩施土家族人容貌特征及其增龄性改变的观察

An Observation of Physiognomic Characteristics and Their Agerelated Changes of Tujia Nationality in Enshi

根据随机抽样原则选择５９８名恩施土家人进行了容貌特征的观察。土家人一般为黑色直发，一字眉，男性多有髭须和颏须；面尖圆型，浅黄色，眉嵴和颧部中等突出，颏部直立；眼虹膜褐色，双睑，无蒙古褶，眼裂水平，开度中等；鼻背直，鼻尖适中，鼻基底水平，鼻翼较宽，鼻翼沟发育中等；唇直立，中等厚，口裂较宽，上唇皮肤高度中等；耳廓具有达尔文节，外展度在３０°～６０°之间，耳垂多为方形。大部分形态男女间存在性别差异，随年龄增长亦发生改变，并出现不同程度差异性。

? Physiognomic characteristics and their agerelated changes in 598 people of Tujia nationality in Enshi determined according to principle of random sampling were observed. In most case, the hair was straight and black, the eyebrow was ‘-’shape, the beard was common in upper lip and region of the chin. Usually, the facial colour was pale yellow and the facial form was oval, the supraorbita ridges and the zygomitic projection were mediumsized, and the chin was straight. Generally speaking, the iris was brown, there were not the Mongoloid folds in the eyes, the fold of the upper eyelid was observable, opening height of the eyeslits was medium, and direction of the eyeslits was horizontal. As a general rule, the nasal bridge was straight, the tip was medium in size, the nasal alae was wider. Basically, the upper lip was straight, upper rid lip was 5￣8 mm in depth, the height of the skin of the upper lip was 12￣19 mm, oral fissure was 50￣55 mm in breadth. In generall, the auricula possessed Darins tubercle, the earlope was quadrangular, there was 30￣60 angle between the auricula and the skin of tempral region. Sex difference of the physiognomic characteristics was common between men and women. The facial form gradually changed by age and there was difference in the agechanges. 