试论退耕还林的经济理论基础

An Analysis of the Economics Foundation of the “Grain for Green” Program

从供求理论上来看 ,国家实施退耕还林是为了缓和粮食供求矛盾 ,消化库存粮食 ,缓解人们对生态环境需求的增加和生态环境日益恶化、环境产品严重供给不足之间的供求矛盾。退耕还林的机会成本 (种粮食的收益 )低于农民种粮的机会成本 (退耕还林的收益 )。尤其从宏观经济的角度来看 ,现阶段国家实施退耕还林带来的效益要高于农民种粮对国民经济增长的贡献。实施退耕还林政策是国家实施积极财政政策、增加农民收入、刺激有效需求 。

In terms of the theory of supply and demand, China's implementation of Converting arable fields into forest aims at alleviating the inconsistency between grain supply and demand,reducing stocked grains;easing the discrepancy between supply and demand of increasing social demand for the quality of ecological environment and deteriorating ecosystem and acutely insufficient supply of environmental products.The opportunity cost of afforestation(profits from grain growing)is lower than that of the grain growing(profits from afforestation).Particularly from the macro\|economic perspective,currently,the benefits from implementation of “grain for green” program are greater than the contribution to national economic growth by grain growing.Therefore,implementing reverse land conversion policy is one of the major measures for China to carry out proactive financial policies,increase farmers' incomes,stimulate efficient demands,and bring along national economic growth.