乌鲁木齐市维、汉族孕妇及新生儿脐血铅与环境因素的关系

The maternal and umbilical cord blood lead levels in Hans and Vigur and analysis of its relative factors

目的 :了解乌鲁木齐地区 (乌市 )维吾尔族 (维族 )、汉族孕妇及新生儿脐血铅现状及相关的影响因素。方法:2 0 0 0年 3～ 9月 ,对我院及乌市妇幼保健院正常产妇 13 8例静脉血及其新生儿脐血进行血铅测定 (汉族 79例 ,维吾尔族 5 9例 )。血铅由上海儿童铅中毒防治中心采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定。并对产妇家庭社会环境等相关因素进行问卷调查。结果:13 8例产妇血铅为 12～ 2 67μg/L ,新生儿脐血铅为 10～ 2 5 2μg/L。维、汉两民族母子血铅均呈高度相关 (r汉 =0 .80 47,r维 =0 .7898,P均 <0 .0 1)。其中维族孕妇及新生儿脐血铅均大于汉族 (母血铅 P <0 .0 1,脐血铅 P <0 .0 5 )。血铅≥ 10 0μg/L的孕妇 5 3例 (3 8.41% ) ,新生儿 48例 (3 4.78% )。影响胎儿铅暴露的因素为孕期被动吸烟、家庭成员接触铅、居室周围有铅污染工厂、居室靠马路、母亲职业、母亲文化程度、孕期补钙、家庭人均收入、母亲上班乘公共汽车时间等。结论 :孕妇及新生儿血铅值有差异 ,且和环境因素有关 ,新生儿铅中毒有一定比例 。

Objective: To estimate maternal and umbilical blood lead level in Hans and Vigur in Urumqi area and its relative risk factors. Methods: Maternal and umbilical blood lead level were determined in 138 neonates (79 cases of Hans and 59 cases of Vigur) between March and September, 2000. And surveyed environmental factors of the mothers and their families with a questionnaire. Results: (1) Among the 138 cases, the range of maternal blood lead level were 12~267 μg/L, and umbilical blood lead level were 10~252μg/L. There were significant statistic correlation between blood lead level of pregnant women and their umbilical cords(r Hans =0.804 7,r Vigur =0.789 8,P<0.01). Maternal and umbilical blood lead level were higher in Vigur than that of Hans(mother:P<0.01, neonate: P<0.05). The blood lead level was≥100 μg/L in 53 cases of pregnant women and 48 cases of neonates. (2)The blood lead levels of the neonates were associated with environmental factors (passive smoking of mother?environmental pollution?SES score of family?occupation of mother?cultural level of mother?supplement of calcium during pregnancy). Conclusions: The maternal and umbilical blood lead level were significantly different between Hans and Vigur. It is correlated with environmental factors. Neonatal lead poisoning in Urumqi was relevant higher. Enough attention should be paid to the situation.