山西省蔬菜Botrytis cinerea对啶酰菌胺的抗性检测及生物学性状

Resistance Detection of Botrytis cinerea to Boscalid and Biological Traits in Shanxi Province

为明确山西省设施蔬菜灰霉病(Botrytis cinerea)对啶酰菌胺的抗性现状,采用菌丝生长速率法测定312株蔬菜B.cinerea对啶酰菌胺的抗性水平,并对抗、敏菌株的SdhB基因突变位点、生物适合度及啶酰菌胺与吡唑醚菌酯、苯醚甲环唑、嘧霉胺和咪鲜胺的交互抗性进行研究。结果表明312株B.cinerea对啶酰菌胺已出现抗药性,抗性频率为46.15%,抗性类型集中表现为低抗;不同地区B.cinerea对啶酰菌胺的抗性存在差异,其中晋南、吕梁和太原地区抗性频率较高,均超过50%,忻州和阳泉地区抗性频率相对较低,分别为20.00%和10.81%。抗性机制研究表明,9株抗性菌株均发生单位点突变,抗性突变类型包括P225F、N230I和H272R。抗性菌株的菌丝生长速率、产菌核能力和致病力与敏感菌株相比无显著差异,但产孢量显著低于敏感菌株。啶酰菌胺与吡唑醚菌酯、苯醚甲环唑、嘧霉胺及咪鲜胺之间均不存在交互抗性。山西省设施蔬菜B.cinerea对啶酰菌胺的抗性呈上升趋势,抗性菌株和敏感菌株生物适合度相近,建议啶酰菌胺在后期防治灰霉病中,晋南、吕梁和太原地区应限制啶酰菌胺的使用,其余地区谨慎使用,可与吡唑醚菌酯、苯醚甲环唑、嘧霉胺及咪鲜胺轮换或复配使用。

To elucidate the resistance of Botrytis cinerea to boscalid in protected vegetable of Shanxi province,the resistance levels of 312 B.cinerea isolates to boscalid were determined by the mycelium growth rate method.The mutation sites in the SdhB gene and biological fitness,and the cross-resistance between boscalid and the other four fungicides(pyraclostrobin,difenoconazole,pyrimethanil and prochloraz)were investigated in both boscalid-resistant and sensitive isolates.The results showed that B.cinerea isolates exhibited resistance to boscalid(resistance frequency of 46.15%),with the resistance types being predominantly low levels of resistance.Resistance to boscalid of B.cinerea was different in various regions.Among these regions,the resistance frequencies of B.cinerea isolates in Jinnan,Lüliang,and Taiyuan regions were all greater than 50%.However,the resistance frequencies in Xinzhou and Yangquan regions were lower,with 20.00%and 10.81%,respectively.Resistance mechanism analysis showed that all nine resistant isolates had single point mutations,including P225F,N230I,and H272R.Additionally,the mycelial growth rate,sclerotinia production ability and pathogenicity of the resistant isolates were not significantly different from those of the susceptible isolates,although the spore production decreased significantly.No cross-resistance was observed between boscalid and pyraclostrobin,difenoconazole,pyrimethanil,or prochloraz.The resistance of B.cinerea to boscalid in protected vegetables of Shanxi province was continuously increasing,with the biological fitness of resistant isolates being similar to that of susceptible isolates.Therefore,the use of boscalid should be limited during the later stages of gray mold prevention,and the four fungicides-pyraclostrobin,difenoconazole,pyrimethanil,and prochlorazare recommended for rotational or combined use.