中国大学生非自杀性自伤行为发生率和影响因素的Meta分析

Prevalence and influencing factors of non-suicidal self-injurious behaviour among Chinese college students:a Meta-analysis

目的探讨中国大学生非自杀性自伤行为(non-suicidal self-injury,NSSI)发生率及影响因素,为制定有效的预防和干预措施提供参考。方法检索CNKI、CBM、VIP、WanFang Data、PubMed、Embase和Web of Science数据库,选取建库至2024年12月20日发表的相关文献。文献筛选、资料提取和质量评价过程由2名研究员独立进行,采用Stata17.0软件进行Meta分析。结果纳入36篇文献,中国大学生NSSI发生率为14.3%[95%CI(12.2%,16.5%)]。女性[OR=0.83,95%CI(0.78,0.89)]、性格自评偏中性[OR=0.76,95%CI(0.69,0.83)],性格自评偏外向[OR=0.75,95%CI(0.68,0.82)]是中国大学生NSSI发生的保护因素;年级为大一[OR=1.55,95%CI(1.22,1.97)]、年级为大二[OR=1.74,95%CI(1.36,2.23)]、城市或城镇出生[OR=1.44,95%CI(1.26,1.64)]、非医学院校或专业[OR=1.50,95%CI(1.39,1.61)]、负性生活事件[OR=1.02,95%CI(1.01,1.04)]、在小学及更早时期受性虐待[OR=3.14,95%CI(1.97,5.02)]、抑郁[OR=1.47,95%CI(1.33,1.63)]、焦虑[OR=2.20,95%CI(1.25,3.87)]、幻想[OR=1.18,95%CI(1.03,1.35)]、饮酒[OR=1.60,95%CI(1.40,1.83)]、伤心绝望[OR=6.32,95%CI(2.96,13.51)]是中国大学生NSSI发生的危险因素。结论中国大学生NSSI发生率较高,且与多种因素密切相关。针对高风险群体,应加强情绪管理、心理健康支持和早期筛查,以有效降低NSSI发生率。

Objective To explore the prevalence and influencing factors of non-suicidal self-injury(NSSI)among Chinese college students and to provide references for effective prevention and intervention measures.Methods CNKI,CBM,VIP,WanFang Data,PubMed,Embase,and Web of Science databases were searched for literatures from inception to December 20,2024.Two researchers independently conducted literature screening,data extraction,and quality evaluation.Meta-analysis was performed using Stata 17.0 software.Results A total of 36 studies were included.The prevalence of NSSI among Chinese college students was 14.3%[95%CI(12.2%,16.5%)].Female[OR=0.83,95%CI(0.78,0.89)],neutral personality[OR=0.76,95%CI(0.69,0.83)],extroverted personality[OR=0.75,95%CI(0.68,0.82)]were the protective factors for the prevalence of NSSI in Chinese college students.Freshman year[OR=1.55,95%CI(1.22,1.97)],sophomore year[OR=1.74,95%CI(1.36,2.23)],bornin urban or town[OR=1.44,95%CI(1.26,1.64)],non-medical colleges or majors[OR=1.50,95%CI(1.39,1.61)],negative life events[OR=1.02,95%CI(1.01,1.04)],sexual abuse in primary school or earlier[OR=3.14,95%CI(1.97,5.02)],depression[OR=1.47,95%CI(1.33,1.63)],anxiety[OR=2.20,95%CI(1.25,3.87)],fantasies[OR=1.18,95%CI(1.03,1.35)],alcohol consumption[OR=1.60,95%CI(1.40,1.83)],and feelings of sadness and despair[OR=6.32,95%CI(2.96,13.51)]were the risk factors for prevalence of NSSI in Chinese college students.Conclusion The prevalence of NSSI among Chinese college students is high and closely related to a variety of factors.Emotional regulation,mental health support,and early screening for high-risk groups should be strengthened to effectively reduce the prevalence of NSSI.