体育课中的动机气氛对初中生的动机水平、目标定向和能力知觉的影响

Influence of Motivational Climate on Motivational Level, Goal Orientation and Perceived Ability of Junior High School Students

采用目标定向理论的观点 ,考察体育课中的两种动机气氛对初中生的动机水平、目标定向和成就的影响。以 2 4 6名初中二年级学生为研究对象 ,采用两种教学方式进行体育课教学。结果发现 ,动机气氛因素在初中生的动机水平、目标定向和能力知觉几个动机变量上均存在主效应 ,但性别因素主效应和两因素间的交互作用在这几种动机变量上均没有达到显著性。采用学习气氛的教学方式可以明显提高学生参与体育课的动机 ,促进其任务定向 ,减少其自我定向 ,并提高其能力知觉。而采用成绩气氛的教学方式则使学生的动机水平下降 ,并且增加其自我定向 ,降低其能力知觉。提出在体育课中应创设一种学习气氛 ,以便提高学生参与体育课的动机 ,实现健康体育的教学宗旨。

Adopted the goal orientation perspectives, the author investigats the effects of motivational climate on motivational level, goal orientation and achievement in middle school physical education class.246 junior high school students are assigned randomly to two groups, each group has 3 classes. One of the teaching styles is learning climate, the other is performance climate. The results show that learning climate obviously increases the students′ motivational level, enhances the task orientation and perceived competence, reducs the ego orientation. Whereas the performance climate promotes the ego orientation, raises slightly the motivational level in physical education class. The gender differences in motivational variances are also examined. We should establish a learning climate in physical education class in middle school so that most students can get pleasure in physical activity.