云南省耿马县鼠疫疫源地及人间鼠疫调查报告

An Investigation on the Plague Focus and Human Plague in Gengma County, Yunnan

1990年12月11日～31日,对云南省耿马县首次鼠疫流行进行了现场调查。用血清学及细菌学方法在33个疫点(180km^2)检出了63例腺鼠疫患者和13例隐性感染者,并从人,鼠、蚤分离到49株鼠疫菌。造成鼠间鼠疫流行,主要是黄胸鼠数量及印鼠客蚤指数的急骤增高;人间鼠疫是由于鼠间鼠疫长期流行,地面游离蚤增加,人与蚤类接触频繁所致。结果表明:耿马县以勐撒镇为中心的鼠间及人间鼠疫大面积流行是一次典型的家鼠型鼠疫,其疫源地具有西南山地黄胸鼠鼠疫疫源地的特征。鼠疫在该县(至少在动物间)有可能长期存在。

An investigation on an episode of plague prevalance in Gengma County, Yunnan Province was carried out from December 11 to 31, 1990. Sixty-three patients and 13 healthy contacters were found by serological and bacteriological methods in 33 foci of plague (180km2). Forty-nine strains of the bacteria 7. pest is were isolated from human, rats and fleas, The prevalence of rat plague was mainly due to the sudden increase in the number of Rattus flavipectus and the index of Xenopsylla cheopis, while human plague was resulted from human's frequent contacting with infected fleas when the number of fleas on the ground increased after a long-term prevalence of rat plague. The plague prevalence within a large area area around the center of Mengma town was regarded as typical domestic rat plague. The focus of plague revealed the feature of the natural foci of Rattus flavipectus in hilly regions in the south-west of Yunnan. The authors consider that the plague in Gengma Conty will exist for a long time at least among rats.