碘缺乏病与地理环境—昆仑山山前洪积-冲积平原调查研究报告(摘要)

Iodine Deficiency Disorders and Geographical Environment: An Investigation in the Diluvial-alluvial Plain in front of the Kunlun Mountains

1987～1990年,我们在新疆塔里木南部昆仑山山前洪积-冲积平原进行了地理环境与碘缺乏病关系调查研究,昆仑山为海拔平均高度6000米的山脉,5200米以上终年覆盖积雪。昆仑山山前洪积-冲积平原地表覆盖第四纪沉积物,厚度约800～1100米,为坡降度2.5～5.4‰的山前倾斜平原。平原近山的南部地区地表覆盖物为卵、砾石,向北逐渐变为砂土并与沙漠相连接、第三纪早期,和田绿洲及以西的大部分地区曾受古海海浸,形成古叶尔羌海湾。平原地区气侯干旱,年平均降水量仅28.9～65.0毫米,蒸发量2198～2790毫米;年平均气温11～12.1℃。区内34条河流,总径流量152亿立方米。叶尔羌河为其中最大河流,年径流量为63.74亿立方米;其次为和田河,年径流量44.58亿立方米。河流均发源于昆仑山脉,居民居住区多位于海拔1650米以下有地面水供饮用及灌溉的绿洲内。地表水含碘量均低,其中平原下部水碘为2.6μg/L,高于平原中部(1.47μg/L)及上部1.14μg/L)。浅层地下水含碘量高于地表水,平原不同部位的水碘均值为2.43～8.57μg/L;深层地下水含碘最高,均值为12.23μg/L。碘缺乏病的病情分布与水碘基本吻合。平原上部两村庄居民甲状腺肿患病率为49.2％和53.51％,克汀病患病率为1.24％和1.46％;平原中部7个村落居民甲状腺肿患病率为6.69％～50.0％

The relationship between iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) and geographical environment on the diluvial-alluvial plain in front of the Kunlun Mountains in the south of Tarim Basin was investigated in 1987-1990. The findings showed a significant relationship between the geographical environment and the iodine distribution and IDD. The water iodine in the lower part of the plain was higher than that in upper and middle part of the plain. The iodine level of subterranean water was higher than that of the surface water. IDD was seriously prevalent in upper and middle areas of the plain, where the incidences of goitre and cretinism were over 40% and about 1% respectively in some villages. In the lower part of the plain, the incidence of goitre was about 20% and no endemic cretinism was found. The goitre incidence of schoolchildren became higher with the increase of the river discharge. IDD condition was accorded well with urinary iodine, thyroid hormone and thyroid iodine uptake function among the people there.