旱獭皮自然携带鼠疫菌及其F1抗原水平的研究

An Investigatio on the Yersina pestis Carry by Unprocessed Marmot Fur and Its F1-Ag Level

本项研究是为由旱獭皮能否引起人群感染鼠疫提供科学依据。应用细菌学、血清学和流行病学的方法对12953张喜马拉雅旱獭皮、297只旱獭尾、567只旱獭足的检验结果表明,仅有2份旱獭皮材料经复判确定为鼠疫F1阳性,其滴度分别为1:100和1:200,但将其接种小白鼠未分离到鼠疫菌,余者皆为阴性结果。实验感染之旱獭剥皮后随即取材检验的阳性率为100％;旱獭皮最后一次检菌阳性率为98.3％,其中一份为阴性结果;旱獭皮检苗转阴后取材检验F1抗原的阳性率为26.6％。随着时间的延长阳性率和滴度均逐渐下降。由此可见F1抗原在旱獭皮上的存留时间显然要长于鼠疫菌在其上的存活时间。研究指出:必须严禁在活动疫源地内狩猎旱獭,要延长旱獭皮在现场的存放时间,要加强对狩猎人员和经营旱獭皮贸易人员的管理,对其进行必要的鼠防知识培训。

Using bacteriological, serological and epidemiological methods, we examined 12953 skins, 297 tails and 567 feet of the rodent Marmot himalayana to determine if they could cause Y. pestis infection in human. Only 2 marmot skin samples showed Fl antigen positive with titers of 1:100 and 1:200 respectively, and no Y. pestis was isolated from mice inoculated with Fl positive samples. However, an isolation rate of 100% was obtained in the examination of the skins of marmots experimentally infected with Y. pestis, the final Y. pet is rate was 98.3% withone sample negative. When the skins became Y. pestis negative, they showed an Fl-Ag rate of 26.6% and the positive rate and titers decreased with time, indicating that Fl-Ag existed longer than the bacteria Y. pestis. We suggest in this paper that marmot hunting be inhibited from active foci of plague, and that marmot skins be kept in the hunting field for a longer period of time and that hunters and fur traders be taught the knowledge of plague control.