集雨补灌对冬小麦套玉米复合群体生长特性研究

Research on developing characteristics of winter wheat/corn intercropping systems with supplementary irrigation of catchment water

通过研究旱农区集雨补灌条件下不同栽培模式的作物生长特征发现:冬小麦/玉米较单作小麦和玉米年均光能利用率分别提高了49.67%和50.66%,耗水系数分别提高63.1%和70.2%,套作比单作增产13.21%～38.53%,其中6∶3套作群体补灌处理增产幅度最大;叶日积(LAI-D)增加是套作增产的重要原因,套作群体中小麦叶片趋薄程度大于单作;补充灌溉可加速不同作物生长后期干物质向穗部的转移,且套作小麦穗部干物质积累速率大于单作;干旱造成的株高不足是导致玉米减产的重要原因,但可通过关键期补充灌溉加以缓解。

The developing characteristics of several cultivation patterns with supplementary irrigation of catchment water were studied in rainfed farming area. The results show that the average use efficiency of solar energy of winter wheat/corn intercropping systems were enhanced by 49.67% and 50.66% compared to sole planted wheat and corn, water consuming efficiency were enhanced by 63.1% and 70.2% respectively, and the yields of multiple systems were improved by 13.21%~38.53%, in which the pattern of 6 rows wheat and 3 rows corn with supplementary irgation produced the highest yield. The important reasons of yield increase in the intercropping systems are that the LAIDs become higher and the leaves of intercropped wheat become thinker. Supplementary irrigation can accelerate the transformation of dry matter to the ears, and the cumulative rate of dry matter of intercropped wheat is higher than that of sole planted wheat. Insufficient height of corn caused by drought is the main reason of yield reduction of corn, but it can be alleviated by supplementary irrigation in critical growth stage.