植物一氧化氮(NO)研究进展

Progress in the Studies of Nitric Oxide in Plants

一氧化氮 (NO)是植物的重要生物活性分子 ,它参与植物生长发育的许多过程 ,如种子萌发、下胚轴伸长、叶扩展、根生长、侧根形成、细胞凋亡以及植物抗逆反应等。大量的证据表明 ,植物可以通过与动物NO合酶类似的酶产生NO。此外 ,植物还可通过硝酸还原酶产生NO。NO在植物中的信号传递途径仍不十分清楚 ,植物有可能采用与动物相类似的机制。由于植物的大多数生长发育现象都受到植物激素的调节和控制 ,NO与植物激素之间的关系也受到越来越多的关注。通过激素起作用可能是植物内源NO作用的机理之一。

Nitric oxide (NO) is one of the most important signalling molecules of plant. It is involved in many processes of plant development, such as seed germination, hypocotyl elongation, leaf expansion, root growth, lateral roots initialation, apoptosis, and resistance to adverse environments. A great deal of evidence suggested that plant can produce NO by enzymes similar to the nitric oxide synthases in mammalian. In addition, plant can also produce NO by nitrate reductase. Although the signalling pathways through which NO functioned in plants are still vague at present, plant might adopte the similar mechenisms of NO signalling in animals. Since most processes of plant development are regulated by plant hormones, more and more attentions have been drawn to reveal the relationships between NO and plant hormones. Regulating hormones banlance seems to be a possible mode of action of endogenous NO in plants.