骨科生物力学测试技术及其意义

Technique and Its Significance of Biomechanics Test for Orthopedics

对骨科生物力学测试技术———实验生物力学测试中的电测法、光测法及计算生物力学测试中的有限元法进行描述并综述其应用及意义。电测法灵敏度与精确度高 ;可以用于现场测定和模拟测定 ,具有测试方法比较直接的优点。但它不能直观得到构件上应力分布的全貌。光测法是一种全场性测量法 ,可了解到结构物内应力 (或位移 )分布的全貌 ,获得的图像信息可长期储存。人体结构的复杂性 ,骨骼结构的不规则性决定了光测法仍将继续发挥其重要作用。有限元方法涉及了骨骼系统的应力分析、内外固定系统的研究 ,以及人工各种假体的设计与优化。近年有限元技术在计算结果的可靠性方面已经跃上了新的台阶 ,建模更加逼真 ,计算结果更加可靠 ,结论更加可信。计算生物力学技术与实验生物力学技术相辅相成 ,互为补充 。

The biomechanical testing technique of orthopedics-electrometric and photoelasticity method of experimental biomechanical test,finite element analysis method of calculating biomechanical test were described, its applications and significance were reviewed. Electrometric measure has good sensitivity and accuracy,and can be applied to field and simulation determination, and has the advantage of direct application. Whereas it can not provide the overall stress distribution of a component. Photoelasticity test is an overall test, and can provide the overall distribution of inner stress or displacement, and the image information can be stored for a long time. Since the complexity of body structure and irregularity of bone structure, thus the photoelasticity method is still playing its important role. The finite element method has been applied to the stress analysis of bone system, studied on internal and external fixation system. The design and optimization of various prostheses. Recently, the reliability of calculated results of finite element analysis has step into a new stage, the model is established more reality, the calculated result was more reliable, and the conclusion is more believable. The calculating biomechanical and experimental biomechanics are supplementing each other and not a single one can be dispensed with.