企业性质的理论研究

The Nature of Enterprise: Explanations of Western Enterprise Theory

企业性质是西方经济理论研究的一个基本问题。然而自西方经济学产生以来,各个理论流派对该问题的回答却是大不相同的。本文在回顾各企业流派以对企业性质问题的不同解说的基础上,加以批判性评论。试图达到的理解是企业首先是一种生产性组织,作为生产性组织,它追求的是利润最大化;作为企业,在要追求利润的同时,也要追求交易成本的节省。生产性和交易性构成了企业的二重性。

The nature of enterprise is one of the fundamental questions in enterprise theory. However, since enterprise theory was founded, the answers to this question are not same at all. This paper reviews and discusses the different schools' explanations of enterprise nature. Firstly, enterprise is a productive organization. It pursues the maximum profit as a productive organization. Secondly, as an enterprise, while it pursues the profits, it also pursues the economy of transaction cost. Therefore, it is a transaction organization, too.