1Diringer MN. Intracerebral hemorrhage: pathophysiology and management. Crit Care Med, 1993, 21(10): 1591-1603.
2Broderick JP, Adams HP, Jr-Barsan W, et al. Guidelines for the management of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: A statement for healthcare professionals from a special writing group of the Stroke Council, American Heart Association. Stroke, 1999, 30(4):905-915.
3Bereczki D, Liu M, Prado GF, et al. Cochrane report: A systematic review of mannitol therapy for acute ischemic stroke and cerebral parenchymal hemorrhage. Stroke, 2000, 31 (11 ): 2719-2722.
4Oken DE. Renal and extrarenal considerations in high-dose mannitol therapy. Ren Fail, 1994, 16(1): 147-159.
5Kaufmann AM, Cardoso ER. Aggravation of vasogenic cerebral edema by multiple-dose mannitol. J Neurosurg, 1992,77(4): 584-589.
7Nau R. Osmotherapy for elevated intracranial pressure: a critical reappraisal. Clin Pharmacokinet, 2000, 38(1): 23-40.
8Marshall LF, SMith RW, Rauscher LA, et al. Mannitol dose requirements in brain-injured patients. J Neurosurg, 1978, 48(2): 169-172.
9Belayev L, Liu Y, Zhao W, et al. Human albumin therapy of acute ischemic stroke: marked neuroprotective efficacy at moderate doses and with a broad therapeutic window. Stroke, 2001, 32(2): 553-560.
3[3]Carhuapoma JR, Wang PY. Beauchamp NJ, et al. Diffusionsweighted MR1 and intracerebral hemorrhage,2000;31(3):726-732
4[4]Mayer SA ,Lignelli A ,Fink ME ,et al. Perilesional blood flow and edema formation in acute intracerebral hemorrhage:a SPECT study. Stroke,1998;29(9):1791-1798
5[5]Lee KR,Kawal N,Kim S,et al. Mechanisms of edema formation after intracerebral hemorrhage: effect of thrombin on cerebral blood flood flow, blood-brain-barrier permeability and cell survival in rat model. J Neurosurg,1997;86:272-278
6[6]Xi G,Keep RF,Hoff JT. Erythrocytes and delayed brain edema formation following intracerebral hemorrhage in rats. J Neurosurg,1998;89(6):991
7[7]Zuccarello M,Brott T,Derex L. et al. Early surgical treatment for supratentoral intracerebral hemorrhage:a randomized feasibility study. Stroke,1999;30(9):1833-1839
8[8]Brott TB,Broderick J,Kothari R.et al. Early hemorrhage proton MR spectroscopic imaging in the study of secondary neuronal injury after growth in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke,1997;28:1-5
9[9]Kazui S,Naritomi H,Yamamoto H,et al. Enlargement of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage incidence and course, Stroke,1996;27:1783-1787
10[10]Raicevic R, Jovicic A, Aleksic P, Krgovic M, et al. Role of nimodiping in the therapy of subarachnoid and intracerebral hemorrhage. 1999;56(6):593-598
