对叙述学中叙述者概念的再认识

Reconsidering the concept of the narrator in narratology

叙述学 (叙事学 )是二十世纪六十年代在法国结构主义学说推动下形成的一种新兴理论。它代表着当代小说理论发展的一个方向。叙述学采用语言学模式来研究文学作品 ,属于有较强生命力的交叉或边缘学科。本文试从叙述学角度 ,阐述第一人称和第三人称叙述者的实质、叙述主体与客体、叙述者的主体真面目与特征与叙述者可靠性 ,提出笔者对这些概念的认识与理解 ;澄清一些迄今模糊不清的问题 ,以帮助读者正确解读小说文本 ,也有助于读者提高欣赏、评论或分析小说的水平。

Narratology incorporates techniques developed and impelled by the French structuralism prevailing in the 1960s. It has become a new orientation in the development of contemporary theory of fiction. Applying numerous traditional linguistic approaches of studying literary works, narratology belongs to the overlapping or frontier discipline. Under the guide of narratological theory, this article attempts to present the author's own perception and understanding of such assumptions as the features and nature of the narrator and clear up some confused ideas about the nature of the first person narrator vis-a-vis the third person narrator as well as narrative subject vis-a-vis narrative object, through which this article hopes to contribute to bettering the reader's appreciation of the text and improving his ability in evaluating and analyzing the fiction.