试论促进产权明晰的规划管制改革——兼论“城中村”的改造

ON THE REFORM OF THE PLANNING ADMINISTRATION TO CLARIFY THE PROPERTY RIGHTWITH A NOTE ON THE RENOVATION OF CITY VILLAGE

以科斯为代表的新制度经济学为理论基础 ,强调产权明晰与节省交易费用的市场化发展为主导 ,但同时需要强化与完善城市规划的法律管制地位。通过深入分析美国区划使土地使用外部效果的内在化方法 ,指出有效实施区划的基础是产权明晰与公众参与。而中国城市土地具有产权界定不清楚、缺乏明确的人格化代表、产权边界模糊、可转让性上残缺等产权残缺特点。残缺产权产生寻租 ,增大了产权市场化的阻力。因此 ,土地产权改革是城市规划有效的根本。促进产权明晰的规划管制改革首先必须明确经济发展、产权明晰与规划管制的相互促进的辩证关系 ,我国的城市规划要牢牢树立产权地块的法律意识、保护产权、正视赔偿、配合城乡土地产权与物权的改革。目前我国城市规划界广泛推崇的法定图则具有很好的促进产权明晰的作用。“产权明晰、区划控制、加强法治、经营城市”是提高我国城市规划与建设管理水平与绩效的前提。已经成为的社会热点的“城中村”问题 ,也有赖于通过产权改革。

Based on the analysis to the current situation regarding property right, the authors reveal such problems as ambiguous definition, limited transferability etc, which result in the conclusion that reform in property right is essential for planning implementation. On the other hand, this paper suggests that reform of rural and urban land right and property ownership must be brought under the legal protection and compensation. In this respect, the statutory plan which is quite popular now in China is of importance for enhance the property right. The idea as clarified property right, zoning regulation, legislation construction and urban management are the essential to the planning work. The solution to 'city village' relies on the combination of the reform in property ownership, market mechanism and planning enforcement.