降解原油微生物的筛选及其部分特性的研究

Screening of four degrading oil bacteria and their some characteristics

筛选得到 4株可利用原油为碳源生长的菌株 ,初步鉴定为假单胞菌。这 4株菌对原油有很好的降黏作用 ,它们能利用长链烷烃生长 ,并且能耐受一定的温度、压力和矿化度。其中的M 3菌除降黏外还能产生酸和生物表面活性剂 ,在以原油为碳源的培养基中进行培养时 ,可以使培养液的表面张力从 72mN/m降至 3 6mN/m ,pH值从 7.0降至约 5 .5。实验证明M 3菌液在室内条件下能提高原油采收率 8.8%左右 ,在微生物采油中有很好的应用潜力。

Four bacteria that could use crude oil as the carbon source were screened and identified as Pseudomonas sp. It was demonstrated that these bacteria could decrease the oil viscosity of the crude oil. The four bacteria could use the hydrocarbon with long chain as carbon source and could resist high temperature, pressure and high concentration of NaCl. M 3 could produce acid and biosurfactant when it used oil as carbon source, which could reduce the water surfacial tension (SFT) from 72mN/m to 36mN/m, pH from about 7.0 to 5.5. It was also demonstrated that M 3 could enhance the oil recovery in the model reservoir by 8.8% after 48h shut in periods. So the M 3 has great potential in microbial enhanced oil recovery.