颅骨颈静脉孔及周围结构显微解剖

Microsurgical anatomy of osseous jugular foramen and its adjacent structures

目的 :研究颅骨颈静脉孔及周围结构的显微解剖。方法 :镜下 (× 3 )观测 40例颅骨的颈静脉孔及周围结构。结果 :颈静脉孔分为岩部和乙状部。 5 3 8%的颈静脉孔基本呈三角形 ;67 5 %的内口、72 5 %的外口右侧大于左侧。内口上方有内耳门和前庭水管外口 ;外口外侧有茎乳孔和茎突 ,后方有枕骨颈突。鼓乳切迹位于茎乳孔外侧。结论 :多数标本的颈静脉孔右侧大于左侧。半数以上颈静脉孔呈三角形。茎突和枕骨颈突可作为颈静脉孔的定位标志 。

Objective:To investigate the microsurgical anatomy of the osseous jugular foramen (JF) and the adjacent structures. Methods:The jugular foramina and the adjacent structures of 40 adult dry akulls were examined under 3×magnification. Results:JF was divided into the petrosal and sigmoid portion. The intracranial orifice was basically triangle in 53 8% of JF. The right JF was larger than the left in 67 5% of cases from intracranial orifice and in 72 5% from extracranial orifice. The internal acoustic meatus and the external os of the vestibular aqueduct locate above JF. On the extracranial side,the styloid process and the stylomastoid foramen were lateral to JF. The jugular process of the occipital bone was posterior to JF. The tympanomastoid notch was lateral to the stylomastoid foramen. Conclusion:The right JF is larger than the left in more cases. More than half of the JF is basically triangle from intracranial orifice. The styloid process and the juguar process of the occipital bone are the landmarks to identify JF. The tympanomastoid notch is the useful landmark to locate the stylomastoid foramen.