孔子的随机天命论辨析

Differentiation and Analysis on Confucian Theory of Stochastic Destiny

孔子恪守天命论,断言人的生死寿夭、贫富贵贱和德才贤良等都是上天的安排,皆属命中注定;上天对人命运的安排不言而生物、随机而莫测,天的这种存在状态和命定方式使人对天难知难言,只能通过祭、祷来待命,这使畏天成为天人关系的主基调。孔子强调随机的天命论,突显了命运的一次成型、不可更改,否定了人的后天作为,但有一定的心理平衡和警世作用。

Confucius scrupulously abided the destiny, and affirmed that Heaven doomed people's life and death, poor and rich. Heaven doomed people's fate at random, which made people difficult to foresee their fate, so that fear became people's main attitude towards Heaven. Confucius stressed on the stochastic destiny, highlighted the unchangeable feature of fate, and negated people's deeds, but in a sense this theory could help people to get psychological balance, and made them alert.