试析我国近代民族主义话语之建构

Tentatively on the Construction of Modern Chinese Nationalist Catchwords

本文从检讨格尔兹的民族主义的分析框架入手 ,讨论了我国近代民族主义思想的演变过程。梁启超的民族主义虽有自强求富 ,但陷于文化民族主义的冲突之中。孙中山的“旧三民主义”没能认识到民族主义与国家主义的区别 ,导致了辛亥革命后这一话语的崩溃 ,“新三民主义”则解决了这一问题。陈独秀认识到西方列强的入侵使汉族和其他少数民族的共同利益受到侵犯 ,提出中华民族存亡和富强的诉求 ,整合了各民族的力量。当前我国仍遇到各种各样的民族问题 ,我们应结合自身历史和西方经验教训在新的时代背景下提出一套具有整合力的民族主义话语 ,以实现中华民族的复兴。

By means of examining the analytical frame of Greetz' nationalism, this essay discusses the transitional course of modern Chinese nationalist thought. Although Liang Qichao wanted China to become strong and rich, his nationalism sank into the contradiction of cultural nationalism. 'The Old Three People's Principles' by Sun Yat-sen, owing to its failure of understanding the difference between nationalism and nationalism, got discontinued after the Revolution of 1911, while 'The New Three People's Principles' succeeded in solving this problem. Chen Duxiu, knowing that the invasion by imperialism countries would injure the interests of Han and the other minority groups, pointed out that China was meeting with the crisis of survival, and must become strong and rich by uniting with the other nationalities. Today China still faces various nationalist problems, we therefore must put forward a series of unifying nationalism by combining our own history with western experience and lessons to rejuvenate the Chinese nation.