语言的武器——战争言语行为的典型个案分析

The Linguistic Weapon --Analysis to the Representative Case of Speech acts in War

言语行为理论是语用学的核心理论 ,运用言语行为理论对语言现象进行分析是当前语用学研究的一个热点。文章尝试对战争言语行为典型个案进行分析 ,寻找其内在本质和构成规则。选择了“9·11”事件后塔利班在宣传战中运用的“无罪辩护”和“话题转移”两大语言策略 ,从语境、言语内容、听话人、说话人各因素出发 ,分析言内行为 ,揭示言外行为 ,考证言后之效 ,完整地展示了战争言语行为的过程。最终说明了塔利班选择的战争语言策略 ,实质上是一个破坏会话原则中“量”的准则 ,并利用由此产生的言外之意 ,来否认指控。

Speech-act theory is the core theory in Pragmatics.Analyzing linguistic phenomena is a hot theme most frequently studied.This paper tries to analyze a typical case of Speech acts in war and to search for its internal essence and structural regularities.It selects two types of linguistic stratedies that Taliban has applied to battlefield of propaganda after 'the Event of september 11':Defense for Innocence and Topic Displacement.From the factors of Speech acts,such as context,hearer,speaker,content,this paper analyzes the Locution,discloses the Illocution and proves the Per locution.It completely displays the process of speech acts in war and finally explains this fact:in order to change the obsessive situation and deny the charge of guilty,Taliban adopted the linguistic stratedies that in fact violate the Quantity maxim in Cooperative principle.Anyway,all of this is just a special Speech acts in war.