中国西南部的岩溶及其与华北岩溶的对比

KARST IN SOUTHWEST CHINA AND ITS COMPARISON WITH KARST IN NORTH CHINA

由于特殊的岩性、地质构造、气候、水文和新构造运动等条件,中国西南部发育了以峰林地形、封闭洼地、深尖溶痕、红土、地表钙华、巨大的洞穴系统、地下河系以及较多的洞内次生碳酸盐沉积为特征的岩溶形态组合,而华北半干旱区的岩溶则以常态山、霜冻作用残余灰岩尖峰、石灰岩角砾、浅细溶痕、干谷、大泉、小型洞穴以及少量洞内次生碳酸盐沉积为基本岩溶形态特征。两类岩溶在东面以山东的泰山—鲁山为界,西面以秦岭为界。

The broad humid subtropical karst in Southwest China is characterized by both surface and subsurface features. On the surface, there are tower karst with numerous dolinen or solutional basin, which superimpose on multilevel plateaus dissected by deep gorge, in upper reaches of Yangtze River and Pearl River. Under the surface, there are many subterranean stream systems, which usually link up caves at different levels, decorated by products of solutional and/or depositional processes of water, such as great speleothem, scallops and notches. All the karst features in Southwest China are the reflection of its special lithological, stratigraphical, tectonical, topographical, climatic background, as well as its long term karstification. The karst in Southwest China is not only unique among global karsts, but also quite different from the semiarid karst in Northern China, another major type of the karst in China. The transitional zone between the two types is in Central South of Shandong Province at East, and Qinling Mr. at West China.