殷商人牲人殉性质新探

New Exploration into Men as Sacrifice and Funerary Objects During Shang Dynasty

传统观点认为 :商代的人牲和人殉是奴隶主对奴隶的残酷杀戮 ,是商代奴隶制社会性质的主要依据。笔者经考证认为 ,商代的人牲是远古祭牲风俗的继续和变相的血亲复仇 ,并有着明显的父权制特征。而人殉在远古、近代都有 。

Traditionally,taking men as sacrifice and funerary objects during the Shang Dynasty is considered to be a slaughter of slaves by the slave owners,and is the main foundation of the features of the slave society of Shang Dynasty.The author concludes after textual research that taking men as sacrifice is the continuation of sacrifice offerings from the remote antiquity,and the disguised revenges between tribes.It bears a clear feature of patriarchy;while taking men as funerary objects can not be simply taken as massarcre of slaves by the slave owners.