肥料运筹对超高产小麦群体质量、根系分布、产量和品质的效应

Effect of Fertilizer Application on Population Quality,Root System Distribution,Grain Yield and Quality in Super-high-yielding Wheat

在小麦超高产栽培条件下利用不同施肥量和不同施肥比例的处理,研究了小麦群体质量、根系分布、子粒产量和品质。结果表明:在超高产栽培条件下,增施肥料,群体生物量有所增加,提出了超高产小麦适宜的生物量和叶面积系数的动态参考指标。根长密度随土层加深而逐渐减少,增施肥料可以提高根长密度。根系平均直径以0～10cm土层内最大,增施肥料对根系平均直径的影响不大。根系的总表面积以0～10cm土层内最大,以下锐减。增施肥料可增加根总表面积,施氮磷比例为1∶1时效果最好。不同土层内根系总长度所占比例差异很大,其中0～10cm土层占50%以上。增施肥料可以提高产量和品质,其中以施氮磷钾比例1∶1∶0 6时效果最好。

Wheat population quality,root system distribution,grain yield and quality were studied under different fertilizer application treatment in the condition of superhighyielding wheat cultivation.The result showed that wheat population and biomass increased by adding fertilizer application.The root length density decreased as the solum deepening.The root length density increased by adding fertilizer application.The mean root diameter was biggest in 0-10 cm solum,but it had little effect when adding fertilizer application.The root surface area was biggest in 0-10 cm solum,but decreased sharply with the solum deepening.Root area increased by adding fertilizer application and the effect was best when N∶P was 1∶1.The total root length differed very much in different solum and it was over 50% in 0-10 cm solum.Grain yield and quality increased by adding fertilizer application and the effect was best when N∶P∶K was 1∶1∶06.