安徽省小麦生育期水分盈亏状况分析

Water Surplus and Deficiency in the Stage of Wheat Growth and Development and Effect of Irrigation on Wheat Yield

对安徽省小麦主要生育期的水分盈亏状况和土壤含水量 (Smc)动态变化及水分衰减规律作了分析 ,同时研究了水分亏缺期灌溉对产量的影响。结果表明 :(1)安徽省小麦抽穗期和灌浆期水分亏缺严重 ,尤其淮北地区在此期间缺水 89.2mm ,全年缺水 14 4.6mm ;(2 )在无降水或极少降水的情况下 ,0～ 10cm土壤水分百分含量平均日变率 (Rasm)降低 0 .5 72 % ,10～ 2 0cm降低 0 .2 14 % ,2 0～ 3 0cm降低 0 .181% ,3 0～ 40cm降低 0 .0 83 % ,灌溉使表层水分有很大提高 ,灌溉渗透深度随着灌水量的增多而加深 ;(3 )在缺水严重的抽穗期和灌浆期采用 2 2 5、45 0m3/hm2 灌溉 ,可分别增产 697.5、12 15 .0kg/hm2 。

Water surplus and deficiency,soil moisture dynamic changes and water decrease regularity were analyzed in this article.The effect of irrigation in water deficiency on wheat yield was also studied.The results showed that: (1) water deficiency was serious in the jointing stage and the filling stage especially in northern Anhui,the quantity of water deficiency was 89.2?mm and the quantity of water deficiency in one year was 144.6?mm.(2) the average diurnal decrease rate of the content of soil moisture of 0～10?cm soil layer was 0.572?%;10～20?cm,0.214?%;20～30?cm,0.181% and 30～40?cm,0.083?%.On condition that there was little or no precipitation,soil moisture in the surface increased greatly by irrigation and soil moisture in the deeper lay was improved with the increase of irrigation.(3) with the irrigation of 225?m 3 and 450m 3 per ha in jointing and filling stage,the yield was increased to 697.5?kg/hm 2 and 1?215?kg/hm 2 respectively.