甘蓝型油菜与新疆野生油菜属间杂种的获得与分子鉴定

Production and molecular identification of intergeneric hybrids between B.napus and Chinese Xinjiang wild rape (Sinapis arvensis)

通过剥蕾重复授粉克服了甘蓝型油菜与新疆野生油菜属间杂交障碍,中双4号×野890812组合的199朵重复授粉花共产生32粒种子,其中8粒种子能发育成植株,5株植株形态与母本甘蓝型油菜相近,2株植株形态与白菜型油菜相近,1株植株形态介于母本甘蓝型油菜和父本野芥之间,叶面上具有新疆野生油菜特有的刺毛。RAPD分析显示8株F1代植株都同时具有母本中双4号和父本野890812的特征随机扩增DNA片段,还具有母父本均缺乏的新扩增DNA片段,表明8株F1代植株均为属间杂种。试验结果表明,决定甘蓝型油菜与新疆野生油菜或野芥远缘杂交中生殖隔离的主要因素是受精前障碍。属间杂种在形态和分子水平上的丰富变异预示通过甘蓝型油菜与新疆野生油菜间的属间杂交可望有效地拓展甘蓝型油菜遗传背景。

Incompatibility of intergeneric cross between Brassica napus and Xinjiang wild rape (Sinapis arvensis) was overcome by successive hand pollination, 199 pollinated flowers of intergeneric cross Zhongshuang No.4×Ye890812 produced 32 seeds, 8 seeds survived and developed to plants. 5 plants were very similar to female parent Zhongshuang No.4 (Brassica napus), 2 plants were morphologically identical to Brassica rapa, 1 plant was intermediate between female and male parents. RAPD analysis demonstrated that all 8 F1 plants shared characteristic RAPD fragments of both parents, which indicated the 8 F1 plants were intergeneric hybrids. The results suggested that the pre-fertilization obstacle was the major reason for the incompatibility between Brassica napus and Xinjiang wild rape (Sinapis arvensis), the remarkable genetic variation presented in the intergeneric hybrids suggested intergeneric cross could be a promising way to enhance the genetic background of Brassica napus.