欧、美中华绒螯蟹源于中国长江水系中华绒螯蟹的遗传证据

Genetic evidence of immigration of Eriocheir sinensis in Europe and USA from Yangtze River in China

用包括Z2和Opp17两个10碱基随机引物在内的10个引物,对来自荷兰斯科克莱(Skokely)、美国加州圣何塞(SanJose)的中华绒螯蟹群体与中国长江水系中华绒螯蟹群体进行RAPD遗传比较分析。结果发现:(1)中华绒螯蟹群体特有的Z2引物扩增的700bp标记带(Z2700bp),在荷兰与美国2个中华绒螯蟹群体中同时出现,而不出现日本绒螯蟹南流江种群中特有的880bp标记带(Z2880bp),表明欧洲、美国中华绒螯蟹与中国中华绒螯蟹为同种Eriocheirsinensis,而非日本绒螯蟹Eriocheirjaponicus;(2)Opp17引物扩增的947bp片段在中国长江、荷兰及美国3个中华绒螯蟹群体内的出现频率均达100%。结合Z2引物扩增结果,欧洲与美国中华绒螯蟹群体极可能是从中国长江水系中华绒螯蟹引入繁衍的。

RAPD analysis amplified by ten 10-mer random primers including Z2 and Opp17 was used to compare the genetic variations among three mitten crab populations from Skokely in Holland (Europe), San Jose of California in United States, and the Yangtze River in China. The results showed (1) The Z2700bp band, genetic identification marker in mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis, can be amplified in both Europe and North America populations. However, the Z2880bp band, genetic identification marker in mitten crab Eriocheir Japonica, can not be amplified in these two populartions. It indicated that the mitten crab in Europe, USA, and China were the same species of Eriocheir sinensis but not the Eriocheir japonica; (2) The frequency of 947bp band amplified by primer Opp17 all reached 100% in above three populations. Combining of results from primer Opp17 with results from primer Z2, it indicated that it is most possible that examined mitten crab populations from Europe and USA were immigrated from the popualtion of the Yangtze River of China.