松材线虫行为学研究进展

Review on Behavior Studies of the Pine Wood Nematode

对松材线虫的侵入、松材线虫在树体内的运动与迁移、取食和繁殖等方面的行为学研究进展进行综述。松材线虫侵入寄主体内主要是随着松天牛取食进行的;而类脂含量降低后,松材线虫具有脱离松天牛而进入寄主的特性;挥发性物质尤其是β 香叶烯在松材线虫进入树体内起重要作用。温度、湿度、不饱和脂肪酸、树脂道、寄主生理状况等均影响到松材线虫的运动与迁移。松材线虫侵入树体后,大多滞留在树脂道,蜕皮变为成虫后再向其它部位迁移。蛹室中天牛释放的化学物质可吸引松材线虫向蛹室迁移。松材线虫在树体内主要以薄壁细胞为食,病树枯死后则以真菌等为食。温度和水分是影响松材线虫繁殖行为的主要外界因子。松材线虫的性引诱方式为相互引诱,但性信息素的化学特性尚待继续研究。

This paper summarized the new progresses in the behavior studies of the pine wood nematode(PWN),especially the behaviors of invasion,movement and transmission,feeding,fecundity and reproduction.PWN invaded host pine mainly by the maturation feeding of pine sawyer(Monochamus alternatus).The PWN of low lipid content had the feature of leaving pine sawyer and invading host pine.Plant volatiles,especially βmycrene,played an important role in PWN invading host pine tree.Many factors,such as temperature,moisture,unsaturated fatty acids,resin canals and the host's physiological condition,were considered to affect the movement and transmission of PWN. When PWN invaded host,most PWN were trapped in the resin canals and then migrated into other tissues after molting.Chemicals released from pine sawyer in pupal chambers attracted PWN to move toward pupal chambers.In the host pine tree,PWN mainly fed on parenchyma cell.But after wilting of the pine tree,PWN mainly fed on saprophytic fungi such as Botrytis cinerea,Ceratocystis spp,Gliocladium virous etc.Many factors affected the fecundity and reproduction of PWN,and the key environment factors were temperature and humidity.The pheromones played an important role in the PWN sexual attraction,in which the sexual attraction pattern of PWN was male towards female and vice versa.However,the chemical feature of sex pheromones is still not fully understood.