调亏灌溉条件下鸭梨营养生长、产量和果实品质反应的研究

Study on the Effect of Regulated Deficit Irrigation on the Vegetative Growth,Cropping and Fruit Quality of Yali Pear Variety

调亏灌溉条件下的研究结果表明,无论在1期(萌芽至盛花后25d)还是在2期(盛花后25～80d)进行调亏灌溉,树体营养生长受到显著抑制,新梢长度较对照下降15%～25%,夏季修剪量减少18%～33%,树体叶片的相对含水量显著下降,对成龄叶片叶面积和比叶重的影响差异不显著。各处理其花朵坐果率均大于85%,没有显著抑制果径和果实鲜重的增长。在水分胁迫处理结束时,2期胁迫和1+2胁迫处理果实的可溶性固形物含量、还原糖含量和全K含量显著高于对照,1+2胁迫处理的果径和果实鲜重也受到了显著抑制。在采收时各水分胁迫处理与对照相比,在产量、单果重和果实可溶性固形物含量方面无显著差异。

The trees of Yali variety(Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.)were used for studying the effects of regulated deficit irriga-tion(RDI)on the vegetative growth,fruit quality and yield.4treatments were used,including1.water stress being treated dur -ing the first phase(1st PWS)犤from bud break to25DAFB(days after full bloom)犦;2.water stress being treated during the sec-ond phase(2nd PWS)(from25DAFB to80DAFB);3.water stress being treated during the two phase(1+2PWS);4.fully wa -tered(control).The soil moisture content during water stress was40%～60%of the field capacity,while control remained above60%of the field capacity.Results showed that water stress reduced shoot growth by15%～25%and summer pruning was marginally decreased consequently while the new leaf area and specific gravity declined slightly.The relative water con-tent (RWC)of leaves fell dramatically during the water stress in the2nd PWS.However,the fruit set ratio with various treat-ments was more than85%.The fruit diameter and fresh weight were not affected by water stress during a phase of fruit growth.But 1+2PWS decreased significantly the fruit fresh weight at the end of the second period.The2nd PWS and1+2PWS pro-duced fruit of higher K + and the soluble solid and reducing sugar content at the end of the second period than did the control.There were no significant difference caused by RDI compared with control on the fruit size,soluble solids content and yield at harvest.It is believed that RDI can be used in pear production to save water resources without adverse effects on fruit size and yield.