特用玉米主要性状的配合力及相关分析

Analysis on Combining Ability of Major Characters andCorrelative in Speacial Purpose Corn

以 PST等 7个特用玉米自交系为亲本 ,按 griffing( )配成 2 1个杂交组合 ,分析单株粒重等 10个性状的一般配合力和特殊配合力 ,主要农艺性状和产量之间的关系。结果表明 :行粒数主要受加性基因控制 ,其余大部分性状的加性和非加性基因效应同时存在。在一般配合力效应上 ,同一性状不同亲本的效应值不同 ,各性状值的效应最高出现于不同亲本。在单株产量上 ,一般配合力效应值大小为 PHT>PYT>PHBT;特殊配合力效应较大的组合有 :PYT× PHT>PYT× PHBT>PHT× PHBT等 ,这些具有较高 SCA和 TCA的组合一般都符合本地种质与热带种质、本地种质与温带种质和热带种质与温带种质的杂交组配模式。相关分析表明 ,行粒数与产量关系最为密切 ,其次为株高、穗长。对于这些性状而言 ,一般配合力高的亲本容易产生特殊配合力高的组合 ,但也不排除一般配合力都不高的双亲获得较高的特殊配合力的可能性 ,根据配合力互补原理 ,可望从 7个亲本间选配出高产优质的组合。

speacial purpose corn hybrids combined from 7 inbreds according to Griffing's method were studied on the general combining abilities(GCA) and specific combining abilities(SCA) of 10 characters and the relationships between major agronomical characters and yied. The results showed that grains per row was mainly dominated by additive genes and most characters were dominated by the additive and non-additive genes simultaneously. In same characters, different inbred lines have different GCA. In yield per plant,the effective value order of GCA was PHT>PYT>PHBT and the order of SCA was PYT×PHT>PYT×PHBT>PHT×PHBT.These crosses with higher SCA effect and GCA efffect conformed to the crossing model of local germplasm with tropical germplasm, local germplasm with temperate germplasm and tropical germplasm with temperate germplasm.The relation order with yield was grains per row >plant height>ear length, and higher SCA.combinations were easily gotten from the inbred lines with higher GCA. According to the principle of mutual complement, the combinations with high yield and good quality could be bred from these seven inbred lines.