1Azad SC, Groh J, Beyer A, et al. Continuous peridural analgesia vs patient-controlled intravenous analgesia for pain therapy after thoracotomy. Anaesthesist , 2000, 49: 9-17.
2Tobias JD, Lowe S, O'Dell N, et al. Thoracic epidural anaesthesia in infants and children. Can J Anaesth, 1993, 40:879-882.
3Strichartz GR, Sanchez V, Arthur GR, et al. Fundamental properties of local anesthetics. Ⅱ . Measured octanol: buffer partition coefficients and pKa values of clinically used drugs, Anesth Analg,1990 ,71:158-170.
4Zaric D, Hallgren S, Leissner L, et al. Evaluation of epidural sen sory block by thermal stimulation, laser stimulation, and recording of somatosensory evoked potentials. Reg Anesth, 1996, 21: 124-138.
5Badner NH, Reid D, Sullivan P, et al. Continuous epidural infusion of ropivaeaine for the prevention of postoperative pain after major orthopaedic surgery: a dose-finding study, Can J Anaesth, 1996,43:17-22.
6Boyes R. A review of the metabolism of amide local anaesthetic agents. Br J Anaesth, 1975, 47: 225-230.
6Scott NB, Turfrey DJ, Ray DA, et al. A prospective randomized study of the potential benefits of thoracic epidural anesthesia and analgesia in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting[J]. Anesth Analg, 2001, 93(3): 528～535.
