完善中国行政侵权责任制度的若干探讨

Discussion on Perfecting Administration Tort Duty System in China

中国自建立行政诉讼、行政复议和国家赔偿制度以来 ,行政侵权责任制度的建设已有了很大加强 ,但一些特殊类型的行政侵权责任还亟待完善。应从法律上明文规定 ,如抽象行政行为违法或不当 ,不仅应承担被撤销和被改变的法律责任 ,还应逐步承担赔偿责任。行政机关对其共同参与的违法行为 ,应负主要侵权赔偿责任。实施侵权行为的行政公务人员 ,应当直接向行政相对人承担部分或全部赔偿责任 ,特殊情况应由其所在单位承担一定的连带责任。对于混杂有其他侵权行为的行政不作为 ,行政相对人可以采取救济选择求偿的原则。对行政不当行为 ,应采取有限制的责任豁免原则 。

Since the establishment of administration litigation, administration review and the state compensation system in China, the building of administration tort duty system already has been greatly strengthened, but some special types of administration tort duties still need urgent perfection. The prescription should be proclaimed in writing by law; for example, abstract administration actions are illegal or improper, it should not only bear the law duty that abolished and changed, but also bear the compensation duty step by step. Administration departments should bear the main tort compensation duty for the together illegal actions. The administration government employees that carry out tort actions should directly bear the part or main compensation duty for the administration counterparts; their units should bear a certain related duty for the special situation. To administration nonfeasance that mixes other tort actions, the counterparts can adopt the relief selection request principle. To administration improper actions, the limitary duty exemption principle should be adopted to confirm the compensation duty size the state undertakes.