重庆方言的词缀“头”

The Affix Tou in Chongqing Dialect

在重庆(指重庆市区)方言中,词缀“头”可作名词词缀(记作头1)、方位词词缀(记作头2)和形容词词缀(记作头3)。其中“动词词根+头”构成名词,表示说话者认为是否有做某动作的价值,词缀“头”(记作头B)具有不同于词缀“头”的其它用法(记作头A)的显著特点,但头B仍为词缀而非语尾。词缀“头”的语法作用有二:构词语素(转变词性,改变词义)和构形语素(词义不变,增加音节)。

Tou in Chongqing dialect can be functioned as noun-affix (hereinafter as tou1), direction-affix (hereinafter as tou2) and adjective-affix (hereinafter as tou3). Tou, together with verbal stem to complete a word, connotes that addressers value something. The tou (hereinafter as tou B), in this case, enjoys its own characteristics compared with the one in other cases (hereinafter as tou A). However the latter still plays a role of affix rather than a suffix.Moreover, the grammatical functions of the affix 搕ou?can be categorized as the following: a morpheme to form a word with the transferred part of speech and meaning, and another just to shape a word with no meaning change.