绝对优势论在国际贸易中的普遍规律性

The Universality of the Theory of Absolute Advantage in International Trade

我国经贸理论界一直推崇大卫·李嘉图的关于国际分工与贸易展开的原因及其利益所在的比较优势理论 .然而 ,关于国际分工与贸易 ,亚当·斯密的绝对优势论才是具有普遍规律性的 .绝对优势论不仅可以解释发达国家与发展中国家的产业间贸易 ,也可以解释发达国家或发展中国家之间的产业内贸易 .由于绝对优势论在国际贸易中的普遍规律性 ,对于发展中国家而言 ,参与国际贸易重要的不是获取静态的贸易利益 ,而是动态的贸易利益 :即通过国际贸易 ,引进资本和技术 ,实现产业结构升级和贸易结构的调整 。

The Theory of Comparative Advantage proposed by David Richardo which explains the reasons of international division and trade and the benefits of the same has been praised highly by China's economical experts. However, the Theory of Absolute Advantage proposed by Adam Smith is more universal, which can explain not only the inter industry trades among developed and developing countries, but also the intra industry trades among developed countries or developing countries. Due to the universality of the Theory of Absolute Advantage, to developing countries, the key aspects of international division and trade are not to achieve the benefits of trades but to take advantage of international trades and investments to realize escalation of industrial structures and accomplish the adjustment of trade structures so as to accelerate the economic development.